KCSE FORM II - BIOLOGY

6.0.0 TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS (20 LESSONS)

6.1.0 Specific Objectives

6.2.1 Meaning and importance of transport systems

6.2.2 Absorption of Water and Mineral Salts

• Internal structure of root and root hairs

• Absorption of water

• Active uptake of mineral salts

6.2.3 Transpiration

• Definition of transpiration

• Review of the structure of the leaf

• Structure and function of xylem

• Factors affecting transpiration

• Forces involved in water movement in plants

- Transpiration pull

- Cohesion and adhesion

- Capillarity

- Root pressure

6.2.4 Translocation

• Structure and function of phloem

• Materials translocated (omit mechanisms of translocation)

6.2.5 Comparison between open and closed circulatory system

6.2.6 Mammalian Circulatory System

• Structure and function of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries

• Diseases and defects of the circulatory system (Thrombosis, Varicose veins, Arterio-sclerosis) and how to control them.

6.2.7 The Structure and Functions of Blood

• Composition of blood

• Functions of blood plasma

• The structure and functions of ed blood cells and white blood

• Mechanism of blood clotting and its importance

6.2.8 Blood groups (ABO system and the Rhesus factor)

6.2.9 Immune responses

• Natural and artificial immunity

• Allergic reactions

• Importance of vaccinations against diseases (Tuberculosis, Poliomyletis, Measles, Diphtheria, Whooping cough)

 6.3.0 Practical Activities

6.3.1 Observe permanent slides of sections of stems and roots

6.3.2 Carry out experiments to compare transpiration on lower and upper leaf surfaces

6.3.3 Observe wall charts/models

6.3.4 Analyse data on transpiration rate under different environmental conditions in Plants

6.3.5 Dissect a small mammal and observe its transport system (demonstration)

6.3.6 Make a longitudinal section of the mammalian heart to display the chambers and associated blood vessels

6.3.7 Record pulse rate at the wrist before and after vigorous activities and analyse the results

6.3.8 Demonstrate the unidirectional flow of blood in the cutaneous veins of the fore arm